Publication Work: “Science Series @ Vision 2020” September ISSUE 1,

How universe formed?
Why are the way the laws of the nature the way they are?
Why did the world not disperse as light during the big bang .instead of forming stable matter? How did the universe expand to its current size? What determines its speed? How constant are natural constants? And why do elementary particles have the mass they have? Such are the question at the core of modern physics- and at the essence of creation. Human life may never have emerged in a world with just slightly different natural constants. What factors define the universal constants that determine our universe?

A Soup of Three Thousand Trillion Degrees: A quark measures a quintillionth of a matter:10-18 meter or one attometer. A proton is huge in comparison, a thousand times bigger: 10-15 meters. And an atom’s nucleus measures ten times this with 10-14 meters or ten femtometers. The first atoms formed 300,000 years after the birth of the universe at a temperature around 60,000 degree. Prior to this, it was too hot.Four picoseconds (4x10-12) after the Big Bang the primordial soup still had a temperature of about three times 1015, i.e. three thousand trillion degree.
After 0.000001 Seconds and still at seven trillion degrees, proton and neutron formed and after three minutes when the temperature had dropped to one trillion degrees- the first atomic nuclei formed. It tooks a further billion years before the first galaxies appeared.

Bing Bang Theory:
Seconds since the Big Bang
0 Second
The Big Bang
0.0000000001
The four forces come into being
0.00000001
Fight between matter and anti-matter
0.000001 Sec.
A quark-gluon plasma fills the universe
0.0001 Sec.
Quarks and gluons form up proton and neutrons
1 Sec.
Neutrinos come into being through radioactive decay
180 Sec
The first atoms and molecules come into being

Year Since the Big Bang
380,000 year
Light can move freely through the young universe for the first time.
200,000,000 year
The emergence of the first stars and the higher elements
7,800,000,000 year
The first Planets forms from star debris
9,200,000,000 year
Our solar system is Born
10,000,000,000year
First life develops on Earth

What Holds the World Together?
The smallest particles can be divided into two categories: those that exchange energy- gravitons, gluons and photons-and those from which matter is made: quarks, electron and further exotic particles. The matter particles can be divided into three families. But why is that? What determines this classification? At present, physicists still have no satisfactory answer to these questions.
It also remains unclear why the world is held together by exactly four forces: the weak, the strong, electro-magnetic interaction, as well as graviton. It is suppose that all of these forces had equal strength within the extreme energies prevailing at the birth of the universe.
Researchers are at various center are working with accelerators and mathematical models to unravel the mystery of the Higgs field as the cause of particle mass. But for now, mass remains one of the great unknowns of the physical sciences.

How Does Gravity come about?
Within the ATLAS detector, protons collide at extremely high energies. Among the particles that are thus created, researchers hope to find the Higgs boson: a particle thought to hold the key to the gravitational field.
Gravitational lens; The secrete of gravitational is especially evident in the limitless expenses of space. As Einstein predicted, space- and with it the path of light-is distorted by gravity. Gravitational lenses formed.

Plasma; 99 percent of visible matter in space is made of plasma- a mixture of ions and free electrons.

Light wave visible; By using attosecond oscilloscopes.


Answer Following Question and become a world Famous Scientist:
Nano cosmos:
The Nano cosmos is providing the physical, chemical and material science-related foundations for better more compact and less expensive future products .technical applications are born from the micro milling machine and ideal catalytic converter. How can we specifically influence the properties of materials? Can we build computers that work with light? Which laws govern the quantum world?

Building blocks of life:
The cells are the building blocks of life and they develop into tissues and organs in our body? How are the form and function of life's building blocks connected? How can we technically put nature's structural principles to use? Which cellular defects lead to diseases? The macro molecules are important in cellular functions of our body and are carriers of information the processes in because of living cells can be understood through the interaction of macromolecules. Cell is a dynamic entity of life which is only possible because of complex interaction of macromolecules. So why the cell divides? Is there any clock that is regulating all the activities of the cell? Why the cell dies? Can we stop aging? These are the fundamental questions whose answers we searching on.

From gene to organism:
Which program control the development of life? Hew did the diversity of life's form arise? How does the cells use the information encoded in the genome to fulfill its function? Hoe DNA controls the gene expressions? How do genes interact in network and what influence do external factors exert? How can the natural control system to be used for new therapy forms? Can reprogram body cells? Why do we age?

Architecture of the Mind:
How does the brain function? How does the interaction of the neurons control each of the body functions, allow thoughts, perception, feelings,movement and communication through transmitting signals? The cause of many neurological diseases lies in defects in genes that play a role in development? How most of the genetic diseases affect the nervous system? Can we repair our brain?

The world of senses:
When we smell, speak, hear, feel, think, and make plans move or learn extremely complex processes- neurons and their interactions- are at work in our brain. How does the brain use the different information to produce an image of the world and insights into brain? What is consciousness? What individual differences determine our self? Does the sixth sense exist? Is there a fixed pattern in which a person experiences sleep?

Technologies of the Future:
Sensors help to understand what holds the world together and how processes occur in space or in living cells. They are the molecular proportion are accurate and function on basis of atomic and quantum phenomenon. Only mathematical method helps in understanding the organization principles of nature and complex works. How to cope with the increasing volume of data and complexities of science? How to use computers to recognize patterns effectively?

Global Challenges:
Feeding people, keeping them healthy and providing them with energy are true global challenges. What are the molecular causes of diseases? How to make customize medicine? New ideas for generating energy have started research in nuclear fusion of Hydrogen into helium. Development of technologies for generating hydrogen, plasma, artificial photosynthesis and innovative materials for powerful fuel and solar cells. Can we secure sustain development?

Spaceship Earth:
Life on earth is possible because of the complex coexistence among the land ecosystems, oceans, atmosphere and the substances that circulate among them. How can we preserve earth's protective systems? Microorganisms help in sustenance of the biosphere and the earth as a whole. How do the raw materials for life circulate within the planet? How can we better predict natural disasters and ensure the balance of ecosystems?

Our home in the cosmos:
How does the sun work? What does it magnetic activities look like? How are the highly-charged particles heated and dispersed in power pulses? Which energy transformations results in the heating of the suns corona and emission of the solar wind? How and what is the influence of sun on the earth? How has the formation and development of stars and planets taken shape to its present state? The researchers are trying to trace life other planets.

The universe:
Origin of universe-how and when did the universe take shape and its evolution to present state? Scientist and researchers are trying to understand the cosmic processes and what happens behind the horizons of black holes and galaxies? What re the unknown aspects o the universe? What are black holes? What is dark matter? How is dark matter and dark energy dispersed through the universe?
Source:Sciencexpress Train